What is operating system?

An operating system (OS) is a piece of software that manages computer hardware and software resources while also providing services to applications. It is the most basic software that runs on a computer and functions as an interface between hardware and applications. A computer would be impossible to function properly without an operating system.

An operating system's key functions are as follows:

Process Management :- It manages and allocates resources for various running processes, allowing multiple programs to run concurrently on a single machine.

Memory Management :- The OS handles memory allocation and deallocation, ensuring that different programs and processes have access to the necessary memory without interfering with each other.

File System Management :- The OS provides a hierarchical structure for organizing and storing files on storage devices like hard drives, solid-state drives, or external storage media.

Device Management :- It controls and interacts with hardware devices like printers, keyboards, monitors, and other peripherals, enabling applications to communicate with the hardware.

User Interface :- The operating system provides a user interface that allows users to interact with the computer, either through a graphical user interface (GUI) or a command-line interface (CLI).

Security :- OS plays a vital role in providing security features like user authentication, access control, and protection against unauthorized access or malicious software.

Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and iOS are all examples of operating systems. Each operating system has its own set of features, capabilities, and target devices, but they all fulfil the same basic purpose to properly manage and operate a computer system.